You cannot filter https URL, because it's encrypted, squid doesn't see the full URL. But you can deny complete domain name. Just add minecraft.net to the blacklist, and manually configure your client to use the proxy (IP of your SME Servver, port 3128). When a proxy is manually configured for HTTPS, the browser asks squid to tunnel the traffic, so, even if squid cannot see the full URL, it can see the domain name, and deny it if it's blacklisted.
Regards, Daniel