I see. So should I delete old kernels manually to help prevent this or could that cause potential future problems?
Each new kernel is installed. Thats why you have more than one kernel version.
Kernel modules are upgrade. Thats why you only have the newest one.
What happened to you should not happen.
While your system is now working, someone else my suffer the same problem. To help avoid this, you should report this issue in the Bug Tracker.