Ok, this is the qpsmtpd logfile from the good mail:
2024-03-20 13:06:35.433473500 10627 220 lserver.domain.de ESMTP
2024-03-20 13:06:35.434267500 10627 dispatching EHLO WIN2019
2024-03-20 13:06:35.435369500 10627 250-domain.de Hi server.domain.de [192.168.201.8]
2024-03-20 13:06:35.435409500 10627 250-PIPELINING
2024-03-20 13:06:35.435424500 10627 250-8BITMIME
2024-03-20 13:06:35.435438500 10627 250-SIZE 250000000
2024-03-20 13:06:35.435466500 10627 250 STARTTLS
2024-03-20 13:06:35.436079500 10627 dispatching MAIL FROM:<veeam@domain.de>
2024-03-20 13:06:35.436780500 10627 (mail) badmailfrom: skip, relay client
2024-03-20 13:06:35.436899500 10627 250 <veeam@domain.de>, sender OK - how exciting to get mail from you!
2024-03-20 13:06:35.437429500 10627 dispatching RCPT TO:<recipient@domain.de>
2024-03-20 13:06:35.437740500 10627 (rcpt) badrcptto: skip, relay client
2024-03-20 13:06:35.437834500 10627 (rcpt) rcpt_ok: skip, relay client
2024-03-20 13:06:35.437947500 10627 250 <recipient@domain.de>, recipient ok
2024-03-20 13:06:35.438447500 10627 dispatching DATA
2024-03-20 13:06:35.438589500 10627 354 go ahead
2024-03-20 13:06:35.439204500 10627 spooling message to disk
2024-03-20 13:06:35.440314500 10627 (data_post_headers) dkim: skip, DKIM not configured for domain.de
2024-03-20 13:06:35.456116500 10627 (data_post) bogus_bounce: pass, not a null sender
2024-03-20 13:06:35.456232500 10627 (data_post) headers: skip, relay client
2024-03-20 13:06:35.460972500 10627 (data_post) virus::clamdscan: pass, clean
2024-03-20 13:06:35.461490500 10627 (queue) logging::logterse: ` 192.168.201.8 server.domain.de WIN2019 <veeam@domain.de> <recipient@domain.de> queued <>
2024-03-20 13:06:35.463589500 10628 (queue) queue::qmail_2dqueue: (for 10627) Queuing to /var/qmail/bin/qmail-queue
2024-03-20 13:06:35.467621500 10627 250 Queued! 1710936395 qp 10628 <>
2024-03-20 13:06:35.468398500 10627 dispatching QUIT
2024-03-20 13:06:35.468606500 10627 221 domain.de closing connection. Have a wonderful day.
2024-03-20 13:06:35.468659500 10627 click, disconnecting
2024-03-20 13:06:36.382427500 27199 cleaning up after 10627
Ok, this is the qpsmtpd logfile from the bad mail:
2024-03-20 12:53:29.909649500 25396 220 server.domain.de ESMTP
2024-03-20 12:53:29.910586500 25396 dispatching EHLO WIN2012
2024-03-20 12:53:29.911669500 25396 250-domain.de Hi win2012.domain.de [192.168.2.4]
2024-03-20 12:53:29.911670500 25396 250-PIPELINING
2024-03-20 12:53:29.911688500 25396 250-8BITMIME
2024-03-20 12:53:29.911689500 25396 250-SIZE 250000000
2024-03-20 12:53:29.911699500 25396 250 STARTTLS
2024-03-20 12:53:29.912251500 25396 dispatching MAIL FROM:<veeam@domain.de>
2024-03-20 12:53:29.912968500 25396 (mail) badmailfrom: skip, relay client
2024-03-20 12:53:29.913065500 25396 250 <veeam@domain.de>, sender OK - how exciting to get mail from you!
2024-03-20 12:53:29.913613500 25396 dispatching RCPT TO:<recipient@domain.de>
2024-03-20 12:53:29.913928500 25396 (rcpt) badrcptto: skip, relay client
2024-03-20 12:53:29.914020500 25396 (rcpt) rcpt_ok: skip, relay client
2024-03-20 12:53:29.914119500 25396 250 <recipient@domain.de>, recipient ok
2024-03-20 12:53:29.914677500 25396 dispatching DATA
2024-03-20 12:53:29.914828500 25396 354 go ahead
2024-03-20 12:53:29.915459500 25396 spooling message to disk
2024-03-20 12:53:29.916637500 25396 (data_post_headers) dkim: skip, DKIM not configured for domain.de
2024-03-20 12:53:29.933876500 25396 (data_post) bogus_bounce: pass, not a null sender
2024-03-20 12:53:29.933958500 25396 (data_post) headers: skip, relay client
2024-03-20 12:53:29.952323500 25396 (data_post) virus::clamdscan: pass, clean
2024-03-20 12:53:29.952913500 25396 (queue) logging::logterse: ` 192.168.2.4 win2012.domain.de WIN2012 <veeam@domain.de> <recipient@domain.de> queued <>
2024-03-20 12:53:29.955061500 25398 (queue) queue::qmail_2dqueue: (for 25396) Queuing to /var/qmail/bin/qmail-queue
2024-03-20 12:53:29.970131500 25396 250 Queued! 1710935609 qp 25398 <>
2024-03-20 12:53:29.970905500 25396 dispatching QUIT
2024-03-20 12:53:29.971084500 25396 221 domain.de closing connection. Have a wonderful day.
2024-03-20 12:53:29.971135500 25396 click, disconnecting
2024-03-20 12:53:30.832976500 1788 cleaning up after 25396
I see no problems.